Unit 2: Cell Structure and Function

The cell is the basic unit of life. Cells contribute to the organization of life and provide the environment in which organelles function. Organelles in turn provide compartmentalization and organize cellular products for dispersal and waste for disposal. Cells have membranes that allow them to establish and maintain an internal environment. These membranes also control the exchange of material with the cell's external environment—an important, foundational concept. The maintenance of the internal and external conditions of a cell is called homeostasis. Student understanding of these concepts will be necessary in later units when the focus of instruction shifts to cellular products and by-products and when students learn why cellular exchange of energy and materials matters. ^{(AP® Biology CED)}

2.1: Cell Structure: Subcellular Components

Topics: Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, vacuoles

2.2: Cell Structure and Function

Topics: Functions of organelles, particularly mitochondria and chloroplasts

2.3: Cell Size

Topics: Surface area to volume ratio

2.4: Plasma Membranes

Topics: Phospholipid bilayer, phospholipids, embedded proteins, fluid mosaic model

2.5: Membrane Permeability

Topics: Selective permeability, membrane structure, cell wall

2.6: Membrane Transport

Topics: Active transport, passive transport, concentration gradient, endocytosis, exocytosis

2.7: Facilitated Diffusion

Topics: Membrane proteins, aquaporins, channel proteins, sodium-potassium pump

2.8: Tonicity and Osmoregulation

Topics: Osmosis, water potential, homeostasis, tonocity

2.9: Mechanisms of Transport

Topics: Review of 2.6, 2.7, 2.8

2.10: Compartmentalization

Topics: Organelle membranes, surface area

2.11: Origins of Cell Compartmentalization

Topics: Endosymbiosis/endosymbiotic theory, organelle membranes